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TERMS OF REFERENCE (ToR)
REF. no:
(Consulting Services – Accountant)
Background
The Eastern Caribbean Partial Credit Guarantee Corporation (ECPCGC) was created to increase the amount of financing available to MSMEs in the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union (ECCU). The programme provides guarantees of up to 80% on loans made by private sector lenders to qualifying micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). ECPCGC became operational in 2020 and its staff is working with banks in the six nations that comprise the ECCU. In general, both banks and MSMEs are unfamiliar with guarantee schemes and the credit enhancement that they can provide. The process is that the entrepreneurs approach the financial institutions for loans, armed with their financial documents, projections, business history, and a clear idea of the purpose of the loan. The institutions would review the documents, adjudicate the loan, and if approved, send an application to ECPCGC for a guarantee to make up for the collateral deficit. In the absence of proper records, the financial institutions are unable to complete their assessments.
The Current Issue
The banks have cited the following issues that are prevalent among the customers:
Consequently, the institutions have requested that the clients get their files organized so that proper assessments may be made of the businesses and the need for financing. Many clients are cash constrained and are unable to afford the fees for an accountant to prepare the requisite statements. They, therefore, do not return to the banks with the documentation and so lose out on the opportunity to participate in the guarantee programme.
As the economies rebound from COVID 19, it is expected that the demand for guarantees will pick up, and there may be many more under prepared clients trying to access the guarantees. ECPCGC will send referrals to the accountant so that the required reports can be prepared for submission to the financial institutions.
The Purpose of the Assignment
ECPCGC is looking to obtain the services of an experienced accountant who has worked with MSMEs nationally and has experience in creating financial reports and projections from incomplete records.
The consultant would have the following responsibilities:
Fees will be paid on a “per client” basis.
Requirements
The ideal candidate will have a minimum of 10-15 years of accounting experience and would have substantial prior engagement with MSMEs.
Term of the Engagement
The engagement will last between 6 and 12 months beginning in June 2022.
Expression of Interest:
Interested applicants whose qualifications and experience are in line with the Terms of Reference are invited to submit their CV, a letter of application stating suitability for the position, two professional references on or before May 24, 2022 at 11:59 Atlantic Standard Time (AST) to [email protected] with the job reference number KN-ECPCGC-293793-CS-IDV in the subject line of the email.
Key Personnel
The following are key organizational staff that you may contact regarding any questions on the position:
Bernard Thomas, Chief Financial Officer, 869-466-8251, [email protected]
Carmen Gomez-Trigg, Chief Executive Officer, 868-620-8144, [email protected]
Terms of Reference for Marketing/Technical Assistance Expert for the Eastern Caribbean Partial Credit Guarantee Corporation
May 2022
Background
The Eastern Caribbean Partial Credit Guarantee Corporation (ECPCGC) was created to increase the amount of financing available to SMEs in the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union (ECCU). The scheme provides guarantees of up to 75% on loans made by private sector lenders to qualifying small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The scheme recently became operational and is working with banks in the six nations that comprise the ECCU. In general, both banks and SMEs are unfamiliar with guarantee schemes and the credit enhancement that they can provide.
The Current Issue
The ECPCGC was designed with a staff of four to five people to handle marketing, processing guarantee applications, and monitoring lender performance. During the initial operational phase, the need for training and implementation of the web portal has stressed the ability of the staff to keep up with day-to-day activities as well as handle the training. While the current staff has provided training on the web portal and terms and conditions of the guarantee scheme, it is likely that loan officers will have questions regarding both the terms and conditions of the scheme and web portal operations when they use the program for the first time.
The Covid virus has slowed business on the islands, including the requests for bank lending. When lending picks up, it is likely that loan officers will have questions regarding program operations and using the web portal. In addition, one of the concerns banks raise repeatedly is that many applications are not complete when submitted, requiring substantial additional time to get all of the information in a format that can be used for a credit application.
The Purpose of the Assignment
The ECPCGC is looking for an experienced bank or non-bank loan officer who has worked with SMEs in the Caribbean region and has experience in the Sales and Marketing of financial products. The consultant would have five main responsibilities.
Requirements
The ideal candidate will have a minimum of 10-15 years of SME lending experience in the Caribbean region, preferably in the countries of the ECCU.
Experience with marketing, sales, and/or working with a guaranteed lending scheme would be beneficial.
Term of the Engagement
The engagement will last between 6 and 12 months beginning in June 2022.
Expression of Interest:
Interested applicants whose qualifications and experience are in line with the Terms of Reference are invited to submit their CV, a letter of application stating suitability for the position, two professional references, and a current Police Certificate of Good Character on or before May 20, 2022 at 11:59 Atlantic Standard Time (AST) to [email protected] with the job reference number KN-ECPCGC-292033-CS-INDV in the subject line of the email.
Key Personnel
The following are key organizational staff that you may contact regarding any questions on the position:
Bernard Thomas, Chief Financial Officer, 869-466-8251, [email protected]
Carmen Gomez-Trigg, Chief Executive Officer, 868-620-8144, [email protected]
Terms of Reference for Marketing/Technical Assistance Expert for the Eastern Caribbean Partial Credit Guarantee Corporation
April 2022
Background
The Eastern Caribbean Partial Credit Guarantee Corporation (ECPCGC) was created to increase the amount of financing available to SMEs in the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union (ECCU). The scheme provides guarantees of up to 75% on loans made by privatesector lenders to qualifying small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The scheme recently became operational and is working with banks in the six nations that comprise the ECCU. In general, both banks and SMEs are unfamiliar with guarantee schemes and the credit enhancement that they can provide.
The Current Issue
The ECPCGC was designed with a staff of four to five people to handle marketing, processing guarantee applications, and monitoring lender performance. During the initial operational phase, the need for training and implementation of the web portal has stressed the ability of the staff to keep up with day-to-day activities as well as handle the training. While the current staff has provided training on the web portal and terms and conditions of the guarantee scheme, it is likely that loan officers will have questions regarding both the terms and conditions of the scheme and web portal operations when they use the program for the first time.
The Covid virus has slowed business on the islands, including the requests for bank lending. When lending picks up, it is likely that loan officers will have questions regarding program operations and using the web portal. In addition, one of the concerns banks raise repeatedly is that many applications are not complete when submitted, requiring substantial additional time to get all of the information in a format that can be used for a credit application.
The Purpose of the Assignment
The ECPCGC is looking for an experienced bank or non-bank loan officer who has worked with SMEs in the Caribbean region and has experience in the Sales and Marketing of financial products. The consultant would have fivemain responsibilities.
Requirements
The ideal candidate will have a minimum of 10-15 years of SME lending experience in the Caribbean region, preferably in the countries of the ECCU.
Experience with marketing, sales, and/or working with a guaranteed lending scheme would be beneficial.
Term of the Engagement
The engagement will last between 6 and 12 months beginning in June 2022.
Expression of Interest:
Interested applicants whose qualifications and experience are in line with the Terms of Reference are invited to submit their CV, a letter of application stating suitability for the position, two professional references, and a current Police Certificate of Good Character on or before May 3, 2022 at 11:59 Atlantic Standard Time (AST) to [email protected] with the job reference number KN-ECPCGC-156400-CS-INDV in the subject line of the email.
Key Personnel
The following are key organizational staff that you may contact regarding any questions on the position:
Bernard Thomas, Chief Financial Officer, 869-466-8251, [email protected]
Carmen Gomez-Trigg, Chief Executive Officer, 868-620-8144, [email protected]
REQUEST FOR EXPRESSIONS OF INTEREST
(CONSULTING SERVICES – INDIVIDUAL SELECTION)
OECS MSME Guarantee Facility Project
Loan No.: IDA-62670, IDA-62660, IDA-62640, IBRD-88830, IDA-62650
Assignment Title: Senior Operating Officer (SOO)
Reference No. KN-ECPCGC-207852-CS-INDV
The Governments of Antigua and Barbuda, Commonwealth of Dominica, Grenada, St. Lucia and St. Vincent and the Grenadines have received financing in the amount of US$10 million equivalent from the World Bank towards the cost of establishing a partial credit guarantee scheme, and they intend to apply part of the proceeds to payments for goods, and consulting services to be procured under this project.
The consultant will serve as the “Senior Operating Officer (SOO)” for the ECPCGC and should possess extensive knowledge of MSME lending with some direct experience lending to Micro, small and medium-sized businesses, knowledge of the internal control processes necessary for a lending operation and the ability to design and implement risk mitigation procedures. The ideal candidate should possess an Undergraduate Degree from a reputable college or university, preferably in Business, Accounting, Banking or related field, with a minimum of 5 years’ experience in lending, inclusive of MSME lending. The initial employment period will be for two years on a contractual basis. Renewal of the contract will be subject to a performance evaluation at the end of the contractual period. The assignment is expected to begin on September 30th, 2021. The consultant will report directly to the Chief Executive Officer of the ECPCGC.
The detailed Terms of Reference (TOR) for the assignment can be viewed by following the attached link below.
The Eastern Caribbean Partial Credit Guarantee Corporation (ECPCGC) now invites eligible “Consultants” to indicate their interest in providing the Services. Interested Consultants should provide information demonstrating that they have:
The attention of interested Individual Consultants is drawn to Section III, Paragraphs 3.14, 3.16, and 3.17 of the World Bank’s Procurement Regulations for IPF Borrowers July 2016, [revised November 2017] (“Procurement Regulations”), setting forth the World Bank’s policy on conflict of interest. A Consultant will be selected in accordance with the Approved Selection Method for Individual Consultants set out in the clause 7.34 of the World Bank Procurement Regulations for IPF Borrowers.
Further information can be obtained at the address below during office hours 0800 to 1700 hours:
Eastern Caribbean Partial Credit Guarantee Corporation
Bird Rock, Basseterre,
St. Kitts.
Expressions of interest must be delivered in a written form by e-mail by August 25th, 2021, to [email protected].
For further information, please contact:
Carmen Gomez-Trigg Bernard Thomas
Chief Executive Officer Chief Financial Officer
Tel: 868-620-8144 Tel: 869-765-2385
REQUEST FOR EXPRESSIONS OF INTEREST
(CONSULTING SERVICES – INDIVIDUAL SELECTION)
OECS MSME Guarantee Facility Project
Loan No.: IDA-62670, IDA-62660, IDA-62640, IBRD-88830, IDA-62650
Assignment Title: Senior Operating Officer (SOO)
Reference No. KN-ECPCGC-207852-CS-INDV
The Governments of Antigua and Barbuda, Commonwealth of Dominica, Grenada, St. Lucia and St. Vincent and the Grenadines have received financing in the amount of US$10 million equivalent from the World Bank towards the cost of establishing a partial credit guarantee scheme, and they intend to apply part of the proceeds to payments for goods, and consulting services to be procured under this project.
The consultant will serve as the “Senior Operating Officer (SOO)” for the ECPCGC and should possess Extensive knowledge of MSME lending with some direct experience lending to small and medium-sized businesses, knowledge of the internal controls necessary for a lending operation and the ability to design and implement risk management procedures. The ideal candidate should possess an Undergraduate Degree from a reputable college or university, preferably in Business, Accounting, or related field; and a minimum of 5 years’ experience in MSME lending in a financial services institution. The initial contracted employment period will be for two years subject to a performance review and an expression of further contracted employment three months before the expiration of the existing contract. The assignment is expected to begin on April 15, 2021.
The consultant will report directly to the Chief Executive Officer of the ECPCGC and the ECPCGC Board of Directors.
The detailed Terms of Reference (TOR) for the assignment can be viewed by following the attached link below.
https://tinyurl.com/yygezdt9
The Eastern Caribbean Partial Credit Guarantee Corporation (ECPCGC) now invites eligible “Consultants” to indicate their interest in providing the Services. Interested Consultants should provide information demonstrating that they have:
Applicants should also have:
The attention of interested Individual Consultants is drawn to Section III, Paragraphs 3.14, 3.16, and 3.17 of the World Bank’s Procurement Regulations for IPF Borrowers July 2016, [revised November 2017] (“Procurement Regulations”), setting forth the World Bank’s policy on conflict of interest.
A Consultant will be selected in accordance with the Approved Selection Method for Individual Consultants set out in the clause 7.34 of the World Bank Procurement Regulations for IPF Borrowers.
Further information can be obtained at the address below during office hours 0800 to 1700 hours.
Expressions of interest must be delivered in a written form by e-mail by February 16, 2021 to [email protected]
Eastern Caribbean Partial Credit Guarantee Corporation
Brid Rock, Basseterre,
St. Kitts.
For further information, please contact:
Carmen Gomez-Trigg Bernard Thomas
Chief Executive Officer Chief Financial Officer
Tel: 868-620-8144 Tel: 869-765-2385
Economic Advisory Services – Project Management Consultant Terms of Reference
Antigua and Barbuda
Terms of Reference
Job Title |
Project Management Consultant |
Date of Issue
|
September 25, 2020 |
Deadline for application
|
December 1, 2020 |
To Apply |
Suitable candidates are invited to submit the following documents: cover letter and a curriculum vitae (CV) with contact information for three (3) references. Email the copy of the above referenced documents to [email protected] or mail to the following address: Procurement Officer NDC Partnership Support Unit c/o World Resources Institute 10 G St NE, Suite 800 Washington, DC 20002 Please use email subject line: “Project Management Consultant” |
Contracting Authority |
Department of Environment |
Duration of Contract
|
Short-term contract for 1 year |
Country
|
Antigua and Barbuda |
BACKGROUND
The Government of Antigua and Barbuda (GOAB) is to receive funding from the NDC Partnership to enhance its economic planning and recovery efforts and its response to both the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change. The GOAB recently established an Economic Recovery Commission (ERC) in the wake of the pandemic. It comprises public-private stakeholders, who advise the Cabinet of Antigua and Barbuda on the long-term economic recovery of Antigua and Barbuda, including avenues to stimulate development and create jobs. The support of the NDC Partnership and its implementing partners will complement the work of the ERC.
Funding from the NDC Partnership will go towards the operationalization of a Project Management Unit (PMU) for the Ministry of Finance and Corporate Governance that will help the country to design and implement low-
carbon and climate resilient projects in line with the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the ParisAgreement. This assistance will strengthen the country’s capacity to develop and execute interventions that address the adverse effects of climate change and improve its ability to attract climate finance.
The PMU within the Ministry of Finance will be tasked with coordinating the implementation of transformative projects for the building, road and finance sectors; and adaptation interventions. The PMU has to implement projects with oversight from the Department of the Environment (DOE) — an Accredited Entity (AE) to the Green Climate Fund (GCF). The PMU must also work with Executing Entities (EE) and other implementing partners. The PMU will consist of one or more Project Managers, one or more Project Coordinators, Project Component Coordinators, a Financial Officer, a Procurement Officer, an Environmental and Social Safeguards Officer, a Knowledge Management Officer, a Monitoring and Gender Officer, and an Administrative Officer.
Objectives of the Assignment
The objective of the assignment is to acquire the services of an experienced and qualified Project Management Consultant, who will be responsible for setting up and operationalizing the PMU. The Consultant will be required to set up and prepare for the operation of new projects while the project staff are being hired. The Project Management Consultant should have a proven track record of supervising and managing relevant projects. The Consultant will take responsibility for building the PMU’s capacity for planning, coordinating, and implementing low-emission and climate resilient projects. Also, the PMU will be required to carry out monitoring and evaluation and reporting functions. The Consultant will be based in the Ministry of Finance. The contractual period is expected to last for 12 months at which time the PMU should be established, and any new projects assigned will be in full operationalization and implementation phase.
Scope of Work
The Project Management Consultant will carry out specific duties and responsibilities under the general direction of the Ministry of Finance. The Project Management Consultant will:
Economic Advisory Services – Project Management Consultant, Antigua and Barbuda 2 October 2020
monitoring and reporting
Develop
provide initial oversight for the PMU staff in the execution of their respective duties, including
During this contract period, if the PMU has to implement a project, the Project Management Consultant will be provided with more detailed tasks.
Indicative Deliverables |
Timeline |
Detailed Workplan |
Within 2 weeks of signing contract |
PMU structure and work programme |
December 2020 |
Training and capacity building plan |
Within 1 month of signing contract |
Four (4) training workshops conducted |
November 2020 December 2020 February 2021 March 2021 |
Draft Project Operations Manual with policies, procedures and a fuctional project management system |
July 2021 |
Final Project Operations Manual |
August 2021 |
Final report on achievement of the objective of the consultancy and status of deliverables |
September 2021
|
Institutional Arrangements and Reporting
The Project Management Consultant will work under the guidance and supervision of the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Finance. The Project Management Consultant will provide oversight of the Project Management Unit and shall liaise with the government, NDC Partnership, donor agencies and other key stakeholders. The Project Management Consultant shall also collaborate with the Economic Advisor and the Climate Finance Analyst during the execution of his/her tasks and responsibilities.
Education, Experience, Skills and Abilities
The Project Management Consultant should possess the following qualifications:
Economic Advisory Services – Project Management Consultant, Antigua and Barbuda 4 October 2020
Invitation to Tender
Construction of Airport Heliport
Details:
Property located at the Eastern end of Runway 10 has been designated for a helicopter landing area. This tender is being offered for the construction of a helicopter landing pad as well as a 4 office building.
The area will require preparation and landing area constructed in accordance with ICAO and ECCAA regulations as well as logistically designed for maximum safety and benefit.
Requirements:
Deadline:
All bids must be submitted to [email protected] by 20 Nov. 2020. All enquires with regard to tender should be addressed to the above email.
REQUEST FOR EXPRESSIONS OF INTEREST
(CONSULTING SERVICES – INDIVIDUAL SELECTION)
OECS MSME Guarantee Facility Project
Loan No.: IDA-62670, IDA-62660, IDA-62640, IBRD-88830, IDA-62650
Assignment Title: Senior Operating Officer (SOO)
Reference No. KN-ECPCGC-207852-CS-INDV
The Governments of Antigua and Barbuda, Commonwealth of Dominica, Grenada, St. Lucia and St. Vincent and the Grenadines have received financing in the amount of US$10 million equivalent from the World Bank towards the cost of establishing a partial credit guarantee scheme, and they intend to apply part of the proceeds to payments for goods, and consulting services to be procured under this project.
The consultant will serve as the “Senior Operating Officer (SOO)” for the ECPCGC and should possess extensive knowledge of MSME lending with some direct experience lending to Micro, small and medium-sized businesses, knowledge of the internal control processes necessary for a lending operation and the ability to design and implement risk mitigation procedures. The ideal candidate should possess an Undergraduate Degree from a reputable college or university, preferably in Business, Accounting, Banking or related field, with a minimum of 5 years’ experience in lending, inclusive of MSME lending. The initial employment period will be for two years on a contractual basis. Renewal of the contract will be subject to a performance evaluation at the end of the contractual period. The assignment is expected to begin on September 30th, 2021. The consultant will report directly to the Chief Executive Officer of the ECPCGC.
The detailed Terms of Reference (TOR) for the assignment can be viewed by following the attached link below.
https://bit.ly/3iVannm
The Eastern Caribbean Partial Credit Guarantee Corporation (ECPCGC) now invites eligible “Consultants” to indicate their interest in providing the Services. Interested Consultants should provide information demonstrating that they have:
The attention of interested Individual Consultants is drawn to Section III, Paragraphs 3.14, 3.16, and 3.17 of the World Bank’s Procurement Regulations for IPF Borrowers July 2016, [revised November 2017] (“Procurement Regulations”), setting forth the World Bank’s policy on conflict of interest. A Consultant will be selected in accordance with the Approved Selection Method for Individual Consultants set out in the clause 7.34 of the World Bank Procurement Regulations for IPF Borrowers.
Further information can be obtained at the address below during office hours 0800 to 1700 hours:
Eastern Caribbean Partial Credit Guarantee Corporation
Brid Rock, Basseterre,
St. Kitts.
Expressions of interest must be delivered in a written form by e-mail by August 11th, 2021, to [email protected].
For further information, please contact:
Carmen Gomez-Trigg Bernard Thomas
Chief Executive Officer Chief Financial Officer
Tel: 868-620-8144 Tel: 869-765-2385
Email: [email protected] [email protected]
Vacancy: Leadership to unite the global South
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By Sir Ronald Sanders
(The writer is Antigua and Barbuda’s Ambassador to the United States and the Organization of American States. He is also a Senior Fellow at the Institute of Commonwealth Studies at the University of London and Massey College in the University of Toronto. The views expressed are entirely his own)
I was astonished recently to be told by one of the representatives of the Caribbean on the Board of the World Bank (WB) that Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, St Kitts-Nevis and Trinidad and Tobago, should not expect any change in the bank’s policy not to make concessional loans to them because, supposedly, they are ‘high income’ countries.
My astonishment did not result from the sharp finality of the statement but rather because it came from a person who is charged with the obligation of representing the views of Caribbean governments on the WB’s board. By an outdated arrangement, which like many aspects of the WB’s structure and operations requiring urgent reform, no Caribbean government has a seat on the Bank’s board. Instead, Caribbean countries are represented by the Canadian or Brazilian Executive Directors.
I always remember the observation of the late Prime Minister of Barbados, Owen Artur, that it was offensive that he, as the head of government of his country, could not address a meeting of the WB’s Board without the permission of a Canadian official.
But all that is part and parcel of being small and powerless, and the seeming inability of Caribbean countries to pool their sovereignty so as to argue jointly for the reform the WB urgently requires to make it fit for purpose. An integral part of being fit for purpose, in today’s world, is to raise the massive amounts of capital that are going to be necessary in the coming years to help countries adapt to and mitigate a changing climate.
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While climate financing has grown in importance recently as part of the policy of the WB, largely due to the emphasis placed on it by the Bank’s largest member, the United States of America (US), under its present Biden Administration, it is still a far way from what it should be. Last year, the Bank lent US$32 billion for climate-related projects. And while this was a vast improvement over previous years, it was still woefully short of the needed money.
Noteworthy is that countries classified as ‘high-income’, like Antigua and Barbuda and St Kitts-Nevis, did not qualify for a cent of the allocated US$32 billion. The only ‘high-income’ countries that did manage to access special loans were those in an IMF budgetary support programme with all its harsh conditionalities.
Authoritative bodies estimate that an additional US$2.5 trillion of financing will be needed every year until 2030 to reach the 2015 Paris Agreement climate goals and to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agreed by all countries at the United Nations (UN). If the WB is to play any meaningful role, it has to get more money and it has to change its lending policies to allow access to concessional funding by so-called ‘high-income’ countries in the Caribbean and elsewhere, which share similar circumstances of neighbouring states of both extreme vulnerability and lack of resilience to Climate Change and its impacts. The WB needs to revisit and revise this rule which may be convenient for denying funding, but which is short-sighted in its neglect of a problem that is growing and threatening the viability of countries.
Here’s what is an even more troubling situation related to funds available to the WB and how they are allocated. Many developing countries are deeply concerned that even as the Bank attracts more funding, allocations for climate-related projects (36 per cent of the Bank’s lending last year) will reduce the amount of money available for infrastructural development and for improving social services. Thus, they argue with considerable justification, that funding for coping with the impacts of climate change and global warming, should be separate from traditional funding for development.
In all this, therefore, a greater responsibility falls on the countries that are the greatest CO2 emitters to ease the burden on the World Bank and to create a special and different mechanism to fullfill their promises to mobilize US$100 billion a year to fund mitigation and adaptation in countries that are being irreparably damaged by Climate Change. It is not hard to identify which countries are responsible for the present situation. Studies by the Centre for Energy and Climate Solutions show that from 1751 (beginning of meaningful industrialization) to 2017, the share of cumulative CO2 emissions is: the U.S.(25%), the countries of the European Union and Britain (22%), China (12%), Russia (7%), Japan (4%) and India (3%).
However, this is unlikely to happen. Indeed, even providing sufficient money to the WB appears increasingly remote, as countries such as China and Britain opt to provide their loans and grants bilaterally than through international institutions.
So, the prospects for securing funding for developing states to meet their development challenges, particularly building resilience to the impacts of Climate Change, are not promising. Novel ideas have been proposed, including what is called the “Bridgetown Initiative”, a proposal of Barbados Prime Minister, Mia Mottley, to increase concessional financing by multilateral development banks to US$1 trillion among other things.
Much hope is also being placed in Ajay Banga, the former chief executive of Mastercard, who has been nominated by the Biden Administration to be the next president of the World Bank. But he alone – however skilful he may be – cannot bring about the transformation that is needed, or the political will that is required, to change the policies of the WB which is made by its richest members. And right now, nationalism and self-preservation prevails amongst the world’s powerful nations.
Developing countries should create a unity of the global south, using their own resources, including their purchasing power to defend and advance themselves. That goal must never be dismissed as unattainable. To do so is to surrender a significant strength that could be a game changer. There is a vacancy in committed leadership; it should be filled.
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